What is meant by X-Efficiency?

X-efficiency refers to the degree of efficiency maintained by firms under conditions of imperfect competition. Efficiency in this context means a company getting the maximum outputs from its inputs, including employee productivity and manufacturing efficiency.

What is X-Efficiency theory by Leibenstein?

X-Efficiency theory states that a greater amount of product market competition will pressure firm members to produce with more effort so that the firm is producing closer to their frontiers. Firms will as a result produce closer to their frontiers. The mysteriousness led Leibenstein to call it X-efficiency.

What is the concept of X inefficiency?

X-inefficiency is the divergence of a firm’s observed behavior in practice, influenced by a lack of competitive pressure, from efficient behavior assumed or implied by economic theory. The concept of X-inefficiency was introduced by Harvey Leibenstein.

Which is an example of an X inefficiency?

Examples of X Inefficiency Employing workers who aren’t necessary for the productive process. For example, a state-owned firm may be more concerned about the political implications of making people redundant than getting rid of surplus workers. Not finding the cheapest suppliers.

What does efficiency mean in economics?

Economic efficiency implies an economic state in which every resource is optimally allocated to serve each individual or entity in the best way while minimizing waste and inefficiency. When an economy is economically efficient, any changes made to assist one entity would harm another.

What are the types of efficiency?

There are several types of efficiency, including allocative and productive efficiency, technical efficiency, ‘X’ efficiency, dynamic efficiency and social efficiency.

What is the importance of efficiency?

Efficiency is an important attribute because all inputs are scarce. Time, money, and raw materials are limited, and it is important to conserve them while maintaining an acceptable level of output. An efficient society is better able to serve its citizens and function competitively.

Why oligopoly is important?

The biggest reason why oligopolies exist is collaboration. Firms see more economic benefits in collaborating on a specific price than in trying to compete with their competitors. This is quite important, as new firms may offer much lower prices and thus jeopardize the longevity of the colluding firms’ profits.